OUTDATED Provisioning SSH keys

In this tutorial, we'll generate SSH secrets that we'll use to connect to our Azure VM via SSH.

Create a template

The first step will be to create a template for VM. You can refer to the "Create a Buckypaper VMs template" tutorial for a better understanding of how to do this.

Create a namespace

The second step will be to create a namespace. This is a mandatory requirement for creating attestation. You can learn how to create and use namespaces in the documentation.

Create dkv-v2 engines

The third step is to create two engines. The first is called "vm-auth", where we'll store the SSH secrets. The second engine is called "buckypaper", where we will store the description key.

VM Auth

POST http://localhost:8200/v1/sys/mounts/vm-auth

Headers

Name	Value
X-Vault-Token	<token>
X-Vault-Namespace	education

Body

Name	Type	Value
type	string	dkv-v2

Response

204 No Content

Buckypaper

POST http://localhost:8200/v1/sys/mounts/buckypaper

Headers

Name	Value
X-Vault-Token	<token>
X-Vault-Namespace	education

Body

Name	Type	Value
type	string	dkv-v2

Response

204 No Content

Generate SSH secrets

At this stage, we need to generate SSH secrets. SSH KEY - generation of private and public key. SSH PW - password generation.

Azure

SSH KEY

GET http://localhost:8200/v1/vm-auth/data/:user/ssh-key/:name

We have generated the secrets for the azure user, which will be stored under the name "azureuser".

Params

Name	Type	Value
user	string	azure
name	string	azureuser

Headers

Name	Value
X-Vault-Token	<token>
X-Vault-Namespace	education

Response

{
    "request_id": "729ee29d-ddf5-58a7-ffe5-8bd61d2b9b46",
    "lease_id": "",
    "renewable": false,
    "lease_duration": 0,
    "data": {
        "data": {
            "private": "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",
            "public": "c3NoLWVkMjU1MTkgQUFBQUMzTnphQzFsWkRJMU5URTVBQUFBSUxBa0l2dGwrSjJQT3BDZ1BzOStxL1NXbUpqVWliYkNNbHFaa20wQjU0UFYK"
        },
        "metadata": {
            "created_time": "2024-04-22T07:40:18.023159651Z",
            "custom_metadata": null,
            "deletion_time": "",
            "destroyed": false,
            "version": 1
        }
    },
    "wrap_info": null,
    "warnings": null,
    "auth": null
}

SSH PW

GET http://localhost:8200/v1/vm-auth/data/:user/ssh-pw/:name

We have generated the secrets for the azure user, which will be stored under the name "azureuser".

Params

Name	Type	Value
user	string	azure
name	string	azureuser

Headers

Name	Value
X-Vault-Token	<token>
X-Vault-Namespace	education

Response

{
    "request_id": "0c47dfbe-b2b7-a764-bd6c-ef8007ed1827",
    "lease_id": "",
    "renewable": false,
    "lease_duration": 0,
    "data": {
        "data": {
            "value": "H36VDP5D335PJIXNMHSBULJOSJUPZIHVJAIRLFJTTZAAWU3FWTJQ"
        },
        "metadata": {
            "created_time": "2024-04-22T07:47:08.024377569Z",
            "custom_metadata": null,
            "deletion_time": "",
            "destroyed": false,
            "version": 1
        }
    },
    "wrap_info": null,
    "warnings": null,
    "auth": null
}

AWS

SSH KEY

GET http://localhost:8200/v1/vm-auth/data/:user/ssh-key/:name

We have generated the secrets for the azure user, which will be stored under the name "azureuser".

Params

Name	Type	Value
user	string	aws
name	string	ec2-user

Headers

Name	Value
X-Vault-Token	<token>
X-Vault-Namespace	education

Response

{
    "request_id": "729ee29d-ddf5-58a7-ffe5-8bd61d2b9b46",
    "lease_id": "",
    "renewable": false,
    "lease_duration": 0,
    "data": {
        "data": {
            "private": "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",
            "public": "c3NoLWVkMjU1MTkgQUFBQUMzTnphQzFsWkRJMU5URTVBQUFBSUxBa0l2dGwrSjJQT3BDZ1BzOStxL1NXbUpqVWliYkNNbHFaa20wQjU0UFYK"
        },
        "metadata": {
            "created_time": "2024-04-22T07:40:18.023159651Z",
            "custom_metadata": null,
            "deletion_time": "",
            "destroyed": false,
            "version": 1
        }
    },
    "wrap_info": null,
    "warnings": null,
    "auth": null
}

SSH PW

GET http://localhost:8200/v1/vm-auth/data/:user/ssh-pw/:name

We have generated the secrets for the azure user, which will be stored under the name "azureuser".

Params

Name	Type	Value
user	string	aws
name	string	ec2-user

Headers

Name	Value
X-Vault-Token	<token>
X-Vault-Namespace	education

Response

{
    "request_id": "0c47dfbe-b2b7-a764-bd6c-ef8007ed1827",
    "lease_id": "",
    "renewable": false,
    "lease_duration": 0,
    "data": {
        "data": {
            "value": "H36VDP5D335PJIXNMHSBULJOSJUPZIHVJAIRLFJTTZAAWU3FWTJQ"
        },
        "metadata": {
            "created_time": "2024-04-22T07:47:08.024377569Z",
            "custom_metadata": null,
            "deletion_time": "",
            "destroyed": false,
            "version": 1
        }
    },
    "wrap_info": null,
    "warnings": null,
    "auth": null
}

Register new workload

POST http://localhost:8200/v1/auth/ratls/attestation/create

For more detailed information on creating attestation, you can refer to the documentation.

Body

Name	Type	Description
template	string	f05d8808-547a-4e9a-9843-07c3f55b7e67
namespace	string	education
webhook	string	http://localhost:3000/webhook

Headers

Name	Value
X-Vault-Token	<token>

Response

200

{
    "request_id": "0bde6eee-f55b-e9a5-e1ba-7a382c6a0d50",
    "lease_id": "",
    "renewable": false,
    "lease_duration": 0,
    "data": {
        "instance": "77255d88-754c-42a3-954f-58fb86bf48a5"
    },
    "wrap_info": null,
    "warnings": null,
    "auth": null
}

Create a VM

Azure

At this stage, we will create an Azure VM from the DC2as_v5 family with the Ubuntu 20_04-lts-cvm operating system version, as it supports confidential VMs.

When creating the VM, you should also include cloud-init. The configuration for cloud-init is shown below.

ENV	Description	Value
ENCLAIVE_PROTOCOL		sev-snp
ENCLAIVE_SOURCE	The provider name that we specified during the measurement creation.	azure
ENCALIVE_INSTANCE	The "instance" field that we obtained during the attestation creation.	77255d88-754c-42a3-954f-58fb86bf48a5
ENCALIVE_RESOURCE	Virtual machine name	azure-vm
ENCALIVE_NITRIDE	Nitride URL	http://localhost:8200
ENCALIVE_KEYSTORE	Vault URL	http://localhost:8200
ENCLAIVE_FEATURES	The path from which secrets are added to the VM for a particular user.	method:user:secret:name

In the ENCLAVE_FEATURES variable, "method" can be either "ssh-key" or "ssh-pw", "user" is the scope in which the secrets are stored, "secret" is the name under which we store the secret, and "name" is the username to which the keys are added. We need to set which method for SSH connection will be added for the user.

SSH KEY

ENCLAIVE_FEATURES=ssh-key:azure:azureuser:root

SSH PW

ENCLAIVE_FEATURES=ssh-pw:azure:azureuser:root

#cloud-config
runcmd:
  - |
    set -eu

    export ENCLAIVE_PROTOCOL=sev-snp
    export ENCLAIVE_SOURCE=azure
    export ENCLAIVE_INSTANCE=77255d88-754c-42a3-954f-58fb86bf48a5
    export ENCLAIVE_RESOURCE=azure-vm
    export ENCLAIVE_NITRIDE=http://localhost:8200
    export ENCLAIVE_KEYSTORE=http://localhost:8200
    export ENCLAIVE_FEATURES=ssh-pw:azure:azureuser:root
    
    if [ -x "$(command -v curl)" ];then
      COMMAND="wget -q -O"
    elif [ -v "$(command -v wget)" ];then
      COMMAND="curl -s -o"
    else
      echo "Not installed: curl|wget"
      exit 1
    fi
    
    $COMMAND client "$ENCLAIVE_NITRIDE/static/enclaivelet"
    $COMMAND provision "$ENCLAIVE_NITRIDE/static/provision"
    
    chmod +x client provision
    ./client

    echo 'PermitRootLogin yes' | sudo tee -a /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    sudo systemctl restart sshd

AWS

At this stage, we will create an AWS EC2 from the M6a family with the Ubuntu 23.04 operating system version, as it supports confidential VMs.

When creating the VM, you should also include cloud-init. The configuration for cloud-init is shown below.

ENV	Description	Value
ENCLAIVE_PROTOCOL		sev-snp
ENCLAIVE_SOURCE	The provider name that we specified during the measurement creation.	aws
ENCALIVE_INSTANCE	The "instance" field that we obtained during the attestation creation.	77255d88-754c-42a3-954f-58fb86bf48a5
ENCALIVE_RESOURCE	Virtual machine name	aws-vm
ENCALIVE_NITRIDE	Nitride URL	http://localhost:8200
ENCALIVE_KEYSTORE	Vault URL	http://localhost:8200
ENCLAIVE_FEATURES	The path from which secrets are added to the VM for a particular user.	method:user:secret:name

In the ENCLAVE_FEATURES variable, "method" can be either "ssh-key" or "ssh-pw", "user" is the scope in which the secrets are stored, "secret" is the name under which we store the secret, and "name" is the username to which the keys are added. We need to set which method for SSH connection will be added for the user.

SSH KEY

ENCLAIVE_FEATURES=ssh-key:aws:ec2-user:root

SSH PW

ENCLAIVE_FEATURES=ssh-pw:aws:ec2-user:root

#cloud-config
runcmd:
  - |
    set -eu

    export ENCLAIVE_PROTOCOL=sev-snp
    export ENCLAIVE_SOURCE=aws
    export ENCLAIVE_INSTANCE=77255d88-754c-42a3-954f-58fb86bf48a5
    export ENCLAIVE_RESOURCE=aws-vm
    export ENCLAIVE_NITRIDE=http://localhost:8200
    export ENCLAIVE_KEYSTORE=http://localhost:8200
    export ENCLAIVE_FEATURES=ssh-pw:aws:ec2-user:root
    
    sudo apt-get update -y
    sudo apt-get install -y linux-modules-extra-$(uname -r)
    sudo modprobe sev-guest
    
    if [ -x "$(command -v curl)" ];then
      COMMAND="wget -q -O"
    elif [ -v "$(command -v wget)" ];then
      COMMAND="curl -s -o"
    else
      echo "Not installed: curl|wget"
      exit 1
    fi
    
    $COMMAND client "$ENCLAIVE_NITRIDE/static/enclaivelet"
    $COMMAND provision "$ENCLAIVE_NITRIDE/static/provision"
    
    chmod +x client provision
    ./client

    echo 'PermitRootLogin yes' | sudo tee -a /etc/ssh/sshd_config
    sudo systemctl restart sshd

Once all the steps have been completed, the result of the attestation will be sent to the webhook you specified when creating the attestation. Below is an example of what is sent to the webhook. Ensure that the webhook accepts the HTTP POST method.

{
  "Success": true,
  "Message": "success",
  "Instance": "77255d88-754c-42a3-954f-58fb86bf48a5",
  "Resource": "name",
  "Quote": "eyJWZXJzaWlE9PSJ9fQ=="
}

After receiving the attestation result via webhook, we can connect to the VM using the secrets we created earlier.

SSH KEY

ssh -i <PATH TO SSH KEY> root@<IP ADDRESS>

SSH PW

ssh root@<IP ADDRESS>